Each refers to the amount of tapered threads at the start of the tap. Tap styles - There are three different kinds of hand taps: taper, plug, and bottoming. The tables below also list the standard sizes for both close and free clearance holes. The process generally includes using a spot drill or center drill to create a divot, drilling a pilot hole (see the chart below for the proper size "tap drill"), then using the tap to produce the threads. Tapping - This is the process of cutting threads on the inside of a part, and is typically done with a fluted tap. In general, this is redundant with the pitch (threads per inch), and could be omitted from an engineering drawing, but is often there to provide some redundancy in specifying the desired thread. In the context of American (non-metric) screw threads, the common standard is "Unified National", and comes in four flavors: Course (UNC), Fine (UNF), Extra Fine (UNEF), and Special (UNS).
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